MILO
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT / MATHEMATICS
TWELVE RESULTS · THREE LAYERS

FIELD MAP 01 / OPENAI MATH

Twelve mathematical claims.
Where could they lead?

Explore selected papers from OpenAI’s math repository through MILO’s diagrams and explanations. Compare a consequence claimed by each paper with a further question proposed here. Curated from repository snapshot fd4aeeb2ee4f; sources checked 9–10 October 2026. This is a static selection, not a live repository feed. The sources and limits are beside each result.

TRY THIS Choose a result and move its visual control. Then read the scope of the claim.

Claimed consequenceRepresentationSpeculative next step

Twelve records from OpenAI’s math repository, with their original problem IDs.
Open the source collection ↗

PROBLEM 079Preprint claim

Do wave peaks persist?

A wave can have a strong peak at one instant. The claimed estimate limits how much concentration can persist when we measure it across space and time.

Packets through space & timeConceptual illustration
Packets through space & timeSix schematic wave-packet paths cross through a spacetime diagram. A movable vertical line selects a time slice. Current illustration control: t = 0.50.spacetime →time slice
t = 0.50

Each stroke stands for a moving wave packet. The vertical line selects one moment; the whole diagram represents space and time together.

A sharp peak at one moment is different from concentration that persists across space and time.

No damping is depicted. Packet paths are schematic: their overlaps neither compute the spacetime norm nor verify the estimate.

Read each card’s status

What could follow

The first card reports a consequence claimed in the paper. The second proposes research that would need its own evidence.

Claimed consequence

More reliable Fourier reconstruction

The paper derives maximal Bochner–Riesz bounds and almost-everywhere Fourier summation for 3 ≤ p < ∞ and δ > 1−3/p, then states restriction and Kakeya implications with their classical provenance.

Speculative next step

Test which geometry preserves the gain

Investigate whether the packet-control ideas extend to selected variable-coefficient or curved geometries. Existing counterexamples limit blanket extensions; this map does not claim they work.

What would still need to be shownEvery positive ε is allowed; ε = 0 is not claimed. Three-dimensional Euclidean geometry is essential. This is not a practical acoustics or imaging algorithm.
Exact scope, limits & primary sources

The manuscript claims ||exp(it|D|)f|| over spacetime R³ × [1,2] in L³ is bounded by Cε ||(1−Δ)^(ε/2) f|| in L³, for every ε > 0 and Schwartz f. Interpolation gives 2 < p < ∞ with Sobolev loss α > max(0, 1−3/p).

Status: Preprint claim • no Lean link in the checked catalogue. Analytic proof presented; sections reviewed for statement, lineage and implications, not a full proof audit. No formalization entry found for this result in the checked catalogue. Independent proof verification: Not established.

Proof strategy, as reported: The paper decomposes waves into packets, tracks their overlap and packet masses across scales, and uses geometric and entropy estimates to rule out excessive concentration.

Cited lineage: what these papers build on

Every introduction reviewed here names earlier work. The names below show what the papers build on; this review does not establish whether those citations are complete.

Sogge (1991)
Formulated the local-smoothing problem
Peral and Miyachi (1980)
Sharp fixed-time wave estimates against which time-averaged gain is measured
Bourgain–Demeter (2015)
Cone decoupling; the paper identifies the 3D p ≥ 4 range as earlier input/background
Beltran–Hickman–Sogge (2019)
Established implications linking smoothing to Fourier summation
How to read this map
Repo-reported result
A result or solution presented by the source repository. This map is an explanatory layer, not an independent verification of the proof.
Scoped formalization
The repository lists Lean artifacts for #073, #087, #088, #091, #092, #130 and #362. Their documented scope and source evidence were inspected, not built or independently kernel-checked. No accompanying Lean formalization was found for #074, #077, #078, #079 or #080 in the checked catalogue. The new convex-geometry records also identify differences between documentation and the machine catalogue. See each record for the exact scope.
Conceptual representation
A diagram may compute an exact finite example or simplify the object under discussion. Moving a control changes the illustration; it does not test or prove the theorem.
Speculative next step
A research question proposed by this map. A dashed relationship marks a possible direction, not an established consequence.

Source checks: 9–10 October 2026, commit fd4aeeb2ee4f. The repository’s 7 October history reports withdrawals and repairs. This map is not a peer review, novelty audit, or proof certification.

All 12 results · reading edition

These records remain available even when this viewer cannot run the interactive map.

RESULT 079 · Preprint claim

Do wave peaks persist?

A wave can have a strong peak at one instant. The claimed estimate limits how much concentration can persist when we measure it across space and time.

Packets through space & timeSix schematic wave-packet paths cross through a spacetime diagram. A movable vertical line selects a time slice. Current illustration control: t = 0.50. spacetime →time slice
Each stroke stands for a moving wave packet. The vertical line selects one moment; the whole diagram represents space and time together. Static illustration.

A sharp peak at one moment is different from concentration that persists across space and time.

No damping is depicted. Packet paths are schematic: their overlaps neither compute the spacetime norm nor verify the estimate.

Claimed consequence

More reliable Fourier reconstruction

The paper derives maximal Bochner–Riesz bounds and almost-everywhere Fourier summation for 3 ≤ p < ∞ and δ > 1−3/p, then states restriction and Kakeya implications with their classical provenance.

Speculative next step

Test which geometry preserves the gain

Investigate whether the packet-control ideas extend to selected variable-coefficient or curved geometries. Existing counterexamples limit blanket extensions; this map does not claim they work.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

The manuscript claims ||exp(it|D|)f|| over spacetime R³ × [1,2] in L³ is bounded by Cε ||(1−Δ)^(ε/2) f|| in L³, for every ε > 0 and Schwartz f. Interpolation gives 2 < p < ∞ with Sobolev loss α > max(0, 1−3/p).

Status: Preprint claim • no Lean link in the checked catalogue. Analytic proof presented; sections reviewed for statement, lineage and implications, not a full proof audit. No formalization entry found for this result in the checked catalogue. Independent proof verification: Not established.

Every positive ε is allowed; ε = 0 is not claimed. Three-dimensional Euclidean geometry is essential. This is not a practical acoustics or imaging algorithm.

Proof strategy, as reported: The paper decomposes waves into packets, tracks their overlap and packet masses across scales, and uses geometric and entropy estimates to rule out excessive concentration.

Sogge (1991)
Formulated the local-smoothing problem
Peral and Miyachi (1980)
Sharp fixed-time wave estimates against which time-averaged gain is measured
Bourgain–Demeter (2015)
Cone decoupling; the paper identifies the 3D p ≥ 4 range as earlier input/background
Beltran–Hickman–Sogge (2019)
Established implications linking smoothing to Fourier summation

RESULT 080 · Preprint claim

Does the wave recover its start?

How rough can the starting wave be while still recovering its original value at almost every point as we rewind toward time zero? The claimed advance includes the exact 1/3-derivative threshold in two dimensions.

Rewind toward the initial profileA gray initial real-part profile and the green real part of a complex periodic finite Fourier sum. As dimensionless time goes to zero the two curves coincide. Current illustration control: t = 0.250. 0gray: initial · green: at time tposition →
Gray is the initial real part; green is the real part of a complex, periodic finite-mode toy at dimensionless time t. The theorem concerns rough data in two dimensions. Static illustration.

The claimed endpoint asks for exactly one-third of a derivative, with no extra positive regularity.

This smooth, one-dimensional periodic toy only illustrates the question. It cannot test almost-everywhere convergence for arbitrary H^(1/3)(R²) data.

Claimed consequence

Include the boundary regularity class

If valid, the planar convergence statement covers H^(1/3) data itself, rather than requiring any extra positive regularity above 1/3.

Speculative next step

Try the endpoint tools on related equations

The scale-uniform packet and summation tools could be investigated for other dispersive endpoint questions. Extension to nonlinear equations, noisy measurements, or physical recovery algorithms is not shown.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For f in H^(1/3)(R²), the manuscript claims a full-measure spatial set on which Gaussian-regularized free Schrödinger evolution has a limit for every 0 < t < 1 and converges to the Lebesgue representative of f as t ↓ 0. Remove Gaussian regularization first, then take t ↓ 0.

Status: Preprint claim • no Lean link in the checked catalogue. Analytic proof presented; source statement and proof outline reviewed. No formalization entry found for this result in the checked catalogue. Independent proof verification: Not established.

This map covers the planar paper. The higher-dimensional results are outside its scope. Gaussian regularization is removed first; then time tends to zero. A finite animation does not establish convergence for arbitrary rough Sobolev data.

Proof strategy, as reported: The paper combines transverse packet estimates, a smooth-array bilinear estimate, and square summation across frequency scales on a common time graph.

Carleson (1980)
Introduced the pointwise convergence problem
Du–Guth–Li (2017)
Proved planar convergence for s > 1/3, leaving the equality endpoint
Bourgain (2016)
Counterexample forces s ≥ n/[2(n+1)] for n ≥ 2; equality is not excluded

RESULT 130 · Scoped Lean artifacts

Can a transform use fewer steps?

A Fourier transform reorganizes samples into frequencies. The result claims a tiny asymptotic improvement in how many idealized arithmetic steps that reorganization requires.

Samples become frequenciesA sampled signal combines two frequency modes. Two bars display their amplitudes, computed with an ordinary 32-point discrete Fourier transform. Current illustration control: mode 5 = 0.45. 32 time samplesDFT amplitudes25sample index →frequency bin
A 32-sample toy signal and its DFT amplitudes. This uses the ordinary quadratic DFT; it is not an implementation of the manuscript’s algorithm. Static illustration.

The claimed saving concerns idealized arithmetic work, not a measured speedup on a computer.

Exponent saving: 10⁻¹³. The paper gives enormous constants, no useful crossover estimate, and no floating-point stability guarantee.

Claimed consequence

Exact convolution and polynomial multiplication

The manuscript derives the same asymptotic saving for linear convolution and multiplication of complex polynomials in its exact-root, unrestricted-coefficient model.

Speculative next step

Look for smaller, better-conditioned building blocks

Search for finite tensor savings with manageable constants and numerical conditioning. That would be necessary research toward useful numerical implementations; practical gains are not demonstrated.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

The manuscript gives a deterministic exact complex-arithmetic algorithm for every length n with operation count O(n(log n)^(1−10^−13)). It assumes a supplied specified root of unity, unrestricted complex coefficients, and unit-cost exact complex operations plus logarithmic-size indexing; scalar preparation and array organization are counted.

Status: Preprint + scoped Lean artifacts • not independently rerun. Analytic/algorithmic proof presented. Repository provides uniform transform and convolution declarations, proof modules and Comparator configuration; scope was inspected. Exact arithmetic model only. The synthesis appendix's extraction/search/printer uniformization is outside selected formal statements. Independent proof verification: No build or kernel-check reproduction performed here.

The exponent saving is 10^−13, not a large practical factor. Complex precision is unbounded and exact operations have unit cost. Formalization availability alone does not establish novelty or speed on hardware.

Proof strategy, as reported: A fixed finite tensor-network saving is amplified through batching; a local Fourier compiler and synchronized coprime-axis schedule feed a chirp-convolution reduction for arbitrary lengths.

Cooley–Tukey (1965)
Mixed-radix O(n log n) FFT baseline
Good (1958) and Bluestein (1970)
Coprime tensor factorization and chirp/convolution bridge
Alman–Rao (2023)
Earlier leading-constant improvement using matrix non-rigidity
Morgenstern (1973) and Ailon (2013/2014)
Restricted-model lower bounds explain why coefficient and conditioning assumptions matter

RESULT 362 · Scoped Lean artifacts

Can the feedback stay smooth?

Charged particles create electromagnetic fields, and those fields bend particle motion. The claimed result prevents this idealized feedback loop from developing a finite-time loss of smoothness for the specified data.

Cancellation in signed impulseAlternating positive and negative contributions are shown above two accumulating traces: the signed total and the sum of absolute magnitudes. Current illustration control: 7 of 10 terms. illustrative force contributionsgreen: signed sum · gray: absolute sum
Illustrative positive and negative contributions along a receiving trajectory. Keeping signs can give a smaller total than summing their magnitudes. Static illustration.

Particles drive fields; fields steer particles. The proof strategy keeps cancellation in the feedback loop.

This is a signed-sum schematic, not a continuum plasma solver. Global smoothness does not mean a uniform momentum bound for all infinite time.

Claimed consequence

A global classical baseline for this model

If valid, the stated arbitrary admissible data can be evolved uniquely through every finite time, with no size or symmetry restriction in this class.

Speculative next step

Study long-time behavior and broader data classes

Use a validated global-regularity result as a starting point for decay, scattering, approximation-error analysis, or extensions beyond compact particle support. None of these follows automatically from existence alone.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For the three-dimensional one-species relativistic Vlasov–Maxwell system, the manuscript claims a unique global classical solution for nonnegative smooth compactly supported phase-space particle density and smooth finite-energy fields with every spatial derivative bounded, satisfying the Gauss constraints. Smoothness and compact particle support hold on each finite time interval.

Status: Preprint + scoped Lean artifacts • not independently rerun. Analytic proof presented; equations, hypotheses, lineage and proof strategy reviewed. Repository provides global classical existence/uniqueness scope and solution declaration plus Comparator configuration. Independent proof verification: No build or kernel-check reproduction performed here.

One species, collisionless, relativistic, no background charge. Initial constraints and regularity conditions matter. Global existence is not a practical numerical method or a statement that all plasma models stay smooth.

Proof strategy, as reported: The proof estimates the signed impulse along particle trajectories, preserving cancellation before taking absolute values. It aims to show that repeated momentum doublings need a divergent total time, then applies a classical continuation criterion.

Glassey–Strauss (1986)
Bounded-momentum continuation criterion and retarded-field representation
Luk–Strain (2014)
Continuation criteria and light-cone energy-flux organization cited explicitly
Pallard (2005/2015)
Moving-characteristic cone variables and kernel structure cited explicitly

RESULT 073 · Lean artifacts listed · not rerun

How many distances fit in a fractal?

Take every pair of points in a compact fractal and measure the gap. Above half the surrounding dimension, the manuscript claims that these distances have positive total length.

Pairs become distancesTwo points in a finite schematic cloud are joined by a segment. Its length is marked on a separate ruler; schematic distance bands retain gaps. Current illustration control: pair 33 / 64. d = 2: dim_H(E) > 1. All-pairs positive measure; equality is unclaimed.finite point cloudall-pairs distance rulergaps may remainone pair shown; neither endpoint is fixed

d = 2: dim_H(E) > 1. All-pairs positive measure; equality is unclaimed.

A finite point cloud stands in for a fractal. The selected pair places one distance on the ruler. The claim concerns distances from all pairs. Static illustration.

A set can occupy no volume and still produce distances with positive total length.

Finite samples have Hausdorff dimension zero. This schematic cannot test the theorem. Positive measure need not contain an interval, and no single fixed pin is claimed at this threshold.

Claimed consequence

Positive length above the planar threshold

If valid, every compact planar set with Hausdorff dimension greater than 1 has an unpinned distance set of positive measure. The corresponding threshold is d/2 in every integer dimension d ≥ 2.

Speculative next step

Fix one point and measure from there

Seek positive-measure distances from a single pin at the sharp threshold for arbitrary compact sets. The manuscript does not assert this stronger statement.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For every integer d ≥ 2 and compact E ⊂ R^d, if dim_H(E) > d/2, then ℒ¹(Δ(E)) > 0, where Δ(E) = {|x−y| : x,y ∈ E}. No Ahlfors-regularity, product structure or Fourier-decay assumption is imposed. The distance set uses all pairs; it is unpinned.

Repository manuscript claim. Lean scope notes list all-dimensional and planar artifacts. The all-dimensional config is linked by docs/073; the catalogue text lists the planar declaration and labels review status unchecked. Scope, statements, configurations and solution source were inspected, not independently rerun or proof-audited. No correction or withdrawal recorded at the 10 October snapshot.

The threshold is strict: dim_H(E) > d/2. Equality, an interval of distances, and a positive-measure distance set from one fixed pin are not asserted.

Proof strategy, as reported: The paper retains a positive collection of pairs, prepares critical angular cap bounds, controls Fourier frequency shells using a two-depth profile potential, and reconstructs a nonzero absolutely continuous measure carried by the original distance set.

K. J. Falconer (1985) ↗
Origin of the problem and sufficient threshold dim_H(E) > (d+1)/2; lattice-type examples explain why the proposed positive-measure threshold is strict.
Pertti Mattila (1987) ↗
Spherical-average/Fourier L² criterion, linking distance sets to harmonic analysis.
Thomas Wolff (1999) ↗
Planar positive-measure threshold dim_H(E) > 4/3.
M. Burak Erdoğan (2005) ↗
Threshold dim_H(E) > d/2 + 1/3 for d ≥ 3, via bilinear Fourier extension.
Larry Guth, Alex Iosevich, Yumeng Ou and Hong Wang (2020) ↗
Positive-measure pinned distance set for some y ∈ E when a compact planar E has dimension > 5/4; retained/discarded wave-packet separation is a methodological antecedent.
Xiumin Du, Yumeng Ou, Kevin Ren and Ruixiang Zhang (2024) ↗
For d ≥ 3, existential pinned positive measure above d/2 + 1/4 − 1/(8d+4).
Pablo Shmerkin and Hong Wang (2025) ↗
At the critical dimension, full dimension of the distance set for Borel E with dim_H(E) = dim_P(E) = d/2. This is a dimension conclusion under extra regularity, not the new positive-measure statement.
Bochen Liu (2026) ↗
Planar positive measure with regular pin sets: Borel E,F, dim_H(E)>1, dim_H(E)+dim_H(F)>2, dim_H(F)=dim_P(F). Taking F=E covers equal Hausdorff/packing dimensions >1, not arbitrary compact planar sets.

RESULT 074 · Preprint claim · no Lean listed

How tightly can the lines fit?

One paper claims a sharp density-sensitive bound for thin tubes in three dimensions. A companion claims that any set containing a unit line segment in every four-dimensional direction has Hausdorff dimension four.

3D · maximal estimate
Directions, tubes and dimensionA finite collection of projected tubes changes thickness. The 3D view distinguishes full tubes from shaded halves; the 4D view shows square covers as a projection-only sketch. Current illustration control: δ = 0.12. 3D maximal claim: ‖Kδf‖₃ ≤ Cε δ^(−ε) ‖f‖₃, for every ε > 0. Bright shading is fixed at λ = 1/2.3D · projected into the pageshaded fraction λ = 1/23D L³ tube averagesloss δ^(−ε), every ε > 0no uniform endpoint boundunit tubes · direction sample only

3D maximal claim: ‖Kδf‖₃ ≤ Cε δ^(−ε) ‖f‖₃, for every ε > 0. Bright shading is fixed at λ = 1/2.

The left panel projects a few directions into the page. In 3D, the bright segments show a fixed shaded fraction λ = 1/2. In 4D, the boxes stand for covers at one scale. Static illustration.
4D · set dimension
Directions, tubes and dimensionA finite collection of projected tubes changes thickness. The 3D view distinguishes full tubes from shaded halves; the 4D view shows square covers as a projection-only sketch. Current illustration control: cover scale = 0.12. 4D set claim: dim_H(K) = 4. Full dimension does not assert positive volume or an L⁴ maximal bound.4D · projected into the pageschematic coversdimension 4 ≠ positive volumenot a 4D rendering or dimension test

4D set claim: dim_H(K) = 4. Full dimension does not assert positive volume or an L⁴ maximal bound.

The left panel projects a few directions into the page. In 3D, the bright segments show a fixed shaded fraction λ = 1/2. In 4D, the boxes stand for covers at one scale. Static illustration.

Full dimension can coexist with zero volume. A tube-average bound is a separate, quantitative claim.

Both panels are schematic projections. A finite family of tubes or boxes cannot establish a maximal inequality or a Hausdorff dimension. Full dimension does not imply positive volume.

Claimed consequence

A lower bound in higher dimensions

The 4D manuscript states that projection gives every Kakeya set in R^d, d ≥ 4, Hausdorff dimension at least 4. This does not reach full dimension when d > 4.

Speculative next step

Seek the four-dimensional maximal bound

The L⁴(R⁴) to L⁴(S³) tube-average estimate with δ^(−ε) loss remains a separate target. Full Hausdorff dimension alone does not supply that bound.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

3D: for every ε > 0, 0 < δ < 1 and f ∈ L³(R³), ‖Kδf‖L³(S²) ≤ Cε δ^(−ε) ‖f‖L³(R³). Kδ takes the supremum of averages of |f| over all translated unit cylinders of radius δ in a given direction; the constant is uniform in δ and f. 4D: every K ⊂ R⁴ containing a unit segment in each direction in S³ satisfies dim_H(K) = 4, without compactness or measurability assumptions. The 4D proof imports a weighted plank lemma from the 3D paper, not the full 3D maximal theorem.

Repository manuscript claims. No accompanying Lean formalization is listed for either selected Kakeya manuscript at this snapshot. Statements, context and selected argument sections were reviewed; no full proof audit or independent Lean verification was performed. Wang–Zahl already established the 3D set-dimension theorem. No correction or withdrawal recorded at the 10 October snapshot.

The 3D bound allows δ^(−ε) for every ε > 0; a δ-independent endpoint is not claimed. The 4D statement is a dimension theorem, not an L⁴ maximal estimate or positive-volume claim.

Proof strategy, as reported: The 3D paper tracks shaded tube mass over scales and combines geometric projection bounds with entropy estimates. The 4D paper uses weighted line configurations and nested quadratic fits; its imported input is the 3D paper’s weighted full-time plank lemma.

A. S. Besicovitch (1928) ↗
Measure-zero Kakeya constructions explain why dimension, not volume, is the right geometric target.
Roy O. Davies (1971) ↗
Full Hausdorff dimension in the plane.
Antonio Córdoba (1977) ↗
Planar maximal-function counterpart and connection to summability.
Charles Fefferman (1971) ↗
Classical concrete link between overlapping tube geometry and Fourier multiplier obstructions.
Thomas H. Wolff (1995) ↗
Hairbrush estimates give Hausdorff lower bound (n+2)/2; 5/2 in R³ and 3 in R⁴.
Nets Hawk Katz, Izabella Łaba and Terence Tao (2000) ↗
Improved 3D upper Minkowski lower bound and the stickiness/planiness/graininess structural framework. Keep Minkowski distinct from Hausdorff.
Jonathan Bennett, Anthony Carbery and Terence Tao (2006) ↗
Transverse-family multilinear Kakeya estimates used as genuine inputs.
Nets Hawk Katz and Joshua Zahl (2021) ↗
4D Hausdorff lower bound at least 3.059; separate maximal-function dimension parameter at least 3.049. These are different conclusions.
Hong Wang and Joshua Zahl (2025) ↗
Already establishes the 3D set conjecture. Its λ^{K(ε)} shading dependence does not itself supply the sharp λ³ maximal formulation.
Larry Guth, Hong Wang and Joshua Zahl (2026) ↗
Theorem 1.1 is the 3D union estimate used as a proof input, under convex clustering and a density threshold.

RESULT 077 · Preprint claim · no Lean listed

What does a curved frequency surface do?

Build a wave by adding frequencies from a compact, smooth, positively curved surface. The manuscript claims a sharp open-range bound on how much their sum can concentrate in three-dimensional space.

A cap becomes a packetAn arc represents a slice of a curved frequency surface. A highlighted cap is paired with a spatial packet along its normal; a smaller cap makes the drawn packet longer and relatively thinner. Current illustration control: cap width = 0.96 rad. p = 4: inside the claimed open range 3 < p < ∞. This packet sketch does not evaluate the norm.curved frequency surfacespatial packetcapnarrower cap → longer packetpositive curvature · compact smooth surface in R³

p = 4: inside the claimed open range 3 < p < ∞. This packet sketch does not evaluate the norm.

A small cap on a curved frequency surface produces a long spatial packet pointing along its normal. Narrow the cap to lengthen the packet. Static illustration.

Curvature points neighboring packets in different directions. The estimate controls their sum across all of space.

The cap and packet are schematic two-dimensional projections, not a norm calculation or proof. The claimed estimate needs positive curvature and p > 3; the strong p = 3 sphere endpoint fails.

Claimed consequence

A spacetime estimate for Schrödinger waves

The general-surface paper derives ‖e^{itΔ}f‖Lp(R² × [0,1]) ≤ Cp,s ‖f‖W^{s,p} for 3 < p < ∞ and s > 2−6/p. This is a spacetime norm estimate, distinct from result 080’s almost-everywhere return to initial data.

Speculative next step

Measure the cost near p = 3

Can the growth of the operator constant as p approaches 3 be made explicit? The manuscript does not claim a polynomial rate, and the strong endpoint itself is excluded.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

Let Σ⊂R³ be a compact smooth positively curved surface, possibly with smooth boundary, and dσ its induced surface measure. For every 3<p<∞, EΣf(x)=∫Σ f(ξ)e^{2πix·ξ}dσ(ξ) satisfies ‖EΣf‖Lp(R³)≤CΣ,p‖f‖Lp(Σ) for every complex-valued f∈Lp(Σ). The sphere paper separately states ‖Eg‖Lp(R³)≤Cp‖g‖L∞(S²) for every real p>3 and bounded measurable complex g. Its sphere-specific factorization consequence gives the diagonal and strict mixed-norm ranges on S².

Repository manuscript claims. No accompanying Lean formalization is listed for either the sphere or general-surface companion at this snapshot. Primary statements, context and selected proof-assembly sections were reviewed, not the full proofs. No correction or withdrawal recorded at the 10 October snapshot.

The general-surface diagonal claim has 3 < p < ∞ and fixed positive curvature. The separate sphere manuscript starts with bounded data. It does not make p = 3 valid or give constants uniform as curvature degenerates.

Proof strategy, as reported: The diagonal companion combines the independent 3D Kakeya theorem, which controls positive tube density, with the sphere paper’s packet-propagation theorem, which controls oscillatory amplitudes. It assembles the estimates across scales and surface charts.

Tomas–Stein restriction theory (1975–1979) ↗
Classical L²(Σ)→L⁴(R³) extension estimate for positively curved surfaces.
Bourgain; Tao–Vargas–Vega; multilinear restriction (1991–2006) ↗
Connect restriction estimates to tube geometry and isolate interactions among separated or transverse wave packets.
Guth polynomial partitioning (2016) ↗
The manuscript cites the p>13/4 bounded-data range as a major earlier step; this is a different input norm from the diagonal result.
Wang–Wu decoupling and two-ends Furstenberg inequalities (2024) ↗
The prior diagonal estimate cited in this paper holds for p>22/7 on compact positively curved surfaces, including boundary.

RESULT 078 · Preprint claim · no Lean listed

How gently can we trim the frequencies?

Cut a signal off at a spherical frequency boundary, with a little fading at the edge. The manuscript reports exactly which strict smoothing range keeps the Lp norm bounded in three dimensions.

The edge of a frequency ballA radial multiplier profile is paired with a diagram of δ against 1/p. The region strictly above the dashed threshold is shaded, and a moving marker shows the selected parameters. Current illustration control: δ = 0.600. p = 4 needs δ > 0.25. Selected point is in the strict claimed range. White boundary dot: classical p = 2, δ = 0.radial profile · R = 1strict allowed region01radius r →δ011/p →

p = 4 needs δ > 0.25. Selected point is in the strict claimed range. White boundary dot: classical p = 2, δ = 0.

The radial profile fades at the frequency-ball edge. The green region on the right lies strictly above the dashed threshold; its boundary is excluded by this theorem. Static illustration.

A softer frequency edge can preserve an Lp norm. The amount of softening depends on how that norm measures size.

This is a multiplier profile and a parameter-range diagram, not a numerical test on arbitrary inputs. The dashed equality boundary is excluded; p = 2, δ = 0 is a separate classical exception.

Claimed consequence

Recover the signal in norm

For 1 ≤ p < ∞ in the strict allowed range, smoothed cutoffs Tδ,Rf converge to f in Lp(R³) as R → ∞. At 3/2 ≤ p ≤ 3, any fixed δ > 0 suffices. This does not assert pointwise convergence.

Speculative next step

Measure what happens as the edge sharpens

How fast do the constants worsen as δ decreases to zero? The manuscript does not claim a uniform zero-order limit; positive-order boundary estimates would require separate work.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For δ>0, let Tδf=F⁻¹[(1−|ξ|²)₊^δ Ff] on Schwartz functions in R³. For every δ>0 there is a finite Cδ with ‖Tδf‖L³(R³)≤Cδ‖f‖L³(R³); hence Tδ extends uniquely to a bounded L³ operator. Interpolation and duality give boundedness on Lp(R³), 1≤p≤∞, whenever δ>max{3|1/p−1/2|−1/2,0}. Dilation gives the same bound uniformly over positive frequency-ball radii R for fixed p and δ. For finite p only, the manuscript also states Lp norm convergence as R → ∞.

Repository manuscript claim. No accompanying Lean formalization is listed at this snapshot. Primary statements, context and selected consequence sections were reviewed; the proof was not independently audited. No correction or withdrawal recorded at the 10 October snapshot.

δ > max{3|1/p−1/2|−1/2, 0} is strict. At δ = 0 the hard ball multiplier fails for p ≠ 2. Uniform fixed-radius bounds do not themselves give a maximal estimate or almost-everywhere convergence.

Proof strategy, as reported: Planar incidence estimates control the growth of positional information across scales. A pseudoconformal reduction transfers that control to oscillatory packets and then multiplier shells; a small loss ν < δ leaves a summable series.

Riesz and Bochner summation (1923–1936) ↗
Classical methods for recovering Fourier expansions through summation, including spherical means in several variables.
Fefferman’s ball-multiplier obstruction (1971) ↗
The hard spherical cutoff is unbounded on Lp for p≠2 in dimensions at least two. This explains why δ=0 is qualitatively different.
Córdoba’s tube geometry (1975–1977) ↗
Links radial multipliers and spherical summation to Kakeya tube arrangements and almost orthogonality.
Tao’s restriction implication (1999) ↗
A route from Bochner–Riesz bounds to spherical restriction, used for a stated consequence of the manuscript.
Planar Furstenberg estimates and pseudoconformal packet methods (2023–2025) ↗
Ren–Wang’s planar finite incidence theorem is the geometric input; Guo–Oh–Wang–Wu–Zhang provide the pseudoconformal multiplier approach developed in this paper.

RESULT 087 · Lean artifacts listed · not rerun

How small can a volume product be?

A wide body has a narrow polar in the same direction. The manuscripts claim the smallest possible volume products in every dimension, with different answers for symmetric bodies and general bodies.

Symmetric · rectangle / diamond
Stretch a body and its polarA convex body and its polar sit on separate coordinate axes. The slider stretches the body horizontally and contracts it vertically; the polar transforms reciprocally. The exact area product is printed below. Current illustration control: stretch a = 1.200. Symmetric planar lower bound: 8. A rectangle and its diamond polar attain it. This determinant-one stretch preserves the product; these are classical 2D examples.body Kpolar K°area(K) × area(K°) = 8

Symmetric planar lower bound: 8. A rectangle and its diamond polar attain it. This determinant-one stretch preserves the product; these are classical 2D examples.

The polar consists of points y with x·y ≤ 1 for every x in the body. A determinant-one stretch changes both shapes while leaving their area product fixed. Static illustration.
Symmetric · ellipse / ellipse
Stretch a body and its polarA convex body and its polar sit on separate coordinate axes. The slider stretches the body horizontally and contracts it vertically; the polar transforms reciprocally. The exact area product is printed below. Current illustration control: stretch a = 1.200. Symmetric planar lower bound: 8. Ellipses have product π², strictly above 8. This determinant-one stretch preserves the product; these are classical 2D examples.body Kpolar K°area(K) × area(K°) = π² ≈ 9.870

Symmetric planar lower bound: 8. Ellipses have product π², strictly above 8. This determinant-one stretch preserves the product; these are classical 2D examples.

The polar consists of points y with x·y ≤ 1 for every x in the body. A determinant-one stretch changes both shapes while leaving their area product fixed. Static illustration.
General · centered triangle
Stretch a body and its polarA convex body and its polar sit on separate coordinate axes. The slider stretches the body horizontally and contracts it vertically; the polar transforms reciprocally. The exact area product is printed below. Current illustration control: stretch a = 1.200. Nonsymmetric planar lower bound: 27/4. The triangle is centered at its Santaló point (its centroid). This determinant-one stretch preserves the product; these are classical 2D examples.body Kpolar K°area(K) × area(K°) = 27/4 = 6.750

Nonsymmetric planar lower bound: 27/4. The triangle is centered at its Santaló point (its centroid). This determinant-one stretch preserves the product; these are classical 2D examples.

The polar consists of points y with x·y ≤ 1 for every x in the body. A determinant-one stretch changes both shapes while leaving their area product fixed. Static illustration.

Stretching can trade width between a body and its polar without changing their volume product.

These are exact classical planar examples. The symmetric and general lower bounds are different. The triangle is placed at its centroid, which is its Santaló point. A few shapes cannot verify a universal inequality or classify equality in higher dimensions.

Claimed consequence

Moving the center cannot beat the bound

Because the Santaló point minimizes polar volume, the general claimed lower bound also holds with every interior center z. Equality for the minimized product identifies simplices. Symmetric bodies retain their separate, stronger constant.

Speculative next step

How close is a near-minimizer?

Seek a quantitative bound relating a small excess in volume product to distance from the appropriate equality class. That stability problem needs its own hypotheses, metric and proof; the diagrams supply none.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For n ≥ 1 and every origin-symmetric convex body K ⊂ Rⁿ, the symmetric manuscript claims |K||K°| ≥ 4^n/n!, with equality precisely for invertible linear images of Hanner polytopes. For an arbitrary convex body K with Santaló point s(K), the general manuscript claims |K||(K−s(K))°| ≥ (n+1)^(n+1)/(n!)², with equality precisely for simplices.

Repository manuscript claims, dated 22 September 2026. The scope notes and comparator configurations list the symmetric inequality, Hanner equality, and general inequality with simplex equality. The scope document is internally inconsistent: an older sentence excludes general Mahler, while later text includes it. GeneralMahler has a target, configuration and implementation but is absent from the machine catalogue. These are documentation mismatches, not a finding that a proof fails. The artifacts were inspected, not independently rerun or proof-audited. Functional corollaries are outside these selected targets; the scalar certificate runner was not run. No correction or withdrawal was recorded at the checked snapshot.

Convex bodies are compact, convex and have nonempty interior. The symmetric statement is centered at the origin. The general statement uses the Santaló point, the translation minimizing polar volume. The selected record covers the two geometric manuscripts; functional corollaries and the separate symplectic companion have additional claims.

Proof strategy, as reported: The symmetric paper builds a conformal lens, derives a holomorphic mass estimate and uses Hansen–Lima metric-median classification for equality. The general paper uses Klartag’s cone/Laplace correspondence, Moreau nearest-point projections, Gaussian covariance and Hermite estimates, then scalar certificates. These are separate proof routes; the general lower bound alone does not give the sharper symmetric constant.

Kurt Mahler ↗
Historical volume-product and planar problems (1938/1939), not a new repository definition.
Olof Hanner (1956) ↗
Recursive ℓ1/ℓ∞ bodies and ball-intersection geometry; classical candidate extremizers.
Luis Santaló (1949) ↗
Affine centering theory; general volume product minimizes over interior translations.
Renan Gross (2019) ↗
A conformal Skorokhod-embedding example motivates the actual conformal lens construction.
Lima; Hansen–Lima ↗
Metric-median / three-ball-intersection structure and finite-dimensional classification are the equality endpoint in the symmetric manuscript.
Bo’az Klartag (2018) ↗
Actual input: cone/Laplace correspondence for general Mahler.
Jean-Jacques Moreau (1962) ↗
Actual input: decomposition by nearest-point projections onto mutually dual cones.

RESULT 088 · Lean artifacts listed · not rerun

What do all the shadows tell us?

Collect a convex body’s shadow volumes in every direction. They describe a second body, its projection body. The selected manuscript claims that ellipsoids minimize its volume at fixed original volume in every dimension at least four.

Planar ellipse
A shadow becomes a support lengthAn ellipse or rectangle and its planar projection body are shown. Rotating a direction changes the shadow length and the matching support-line distance in the perpendicular direction. Both numerical values agree. Current illustration control: direction θ = 90.0°. Shadow length 1.600 equals h(ΠK,n) in the perpendicular direction n. This classical planar construction does not test the manuscript’s n ≥ 4 minimization claim.body Kprojection body ΠKshadow length = 1.600h(ΠK,n) = 1.600

Shadow length 1.600 equals h(ΠK,n) in the perpendicular direction n. This classical planar construction does not test the manuscript’s n ≥ 4 minimization claim.

The left line chooses the shadow direction; its length is shown on a horizontal ruler. On the right, that length is measured perpendicularly from the origin to a support line parallel to the shadow direction. The two panels use different display scales. Static illustration.
Planar rectangle
A shadow becomes a support lengthAn ellipse or rectangle and its planar projection body are shown. Rotating a direction changes the shadow length and the matching support-line distance in the perpendicular direction. Both numerical values agree. Current illustration control: direction θ = 90.0°. Shadow length 1.600 equals h(ΠK,n) in the perpendicular direction n. This classical planar construction does not test the manuscript’s n ≥ 4 minimization claim.body Kprojection body ΠKshadow length = 1.600h(ΠK,n) = 1.600

Shadow length 1.600 equals h(ΠK,n) in the perpendicular direction n. This classical planar construction does not test the manuscript’s n ≥ 4 minimization claim.

The left line chooses the shadow direction; its length is shown on a horizontal ruler. On the right, that length is measured perpendicularly from the origin to a support line parallel to the shadow direction. The two panels use different display scales. Static illustration.

The projection body stores all directional shadow sizes in one convex shape.

This is the classical planar construction ΠK = J(K−K), where J is a quarter turn. Every origin-symmetric planar body has |ΠK|/|K| = 4, including both shapes shown. The ellipse is therefore not a unique planar minimizer; the new selected claim begins at n = 4.

Claimed consequence

A fixed-volume lower benchmark

If valid, the n ≥ 4 theorem gives the sharp lower benchmark for projection-body volume at every fixed body volume, with ellipsoids as the equality class. The separate companion’s 20D product exceeds the simplex benchmark for a maximum.

Speculative next step

Estimate from finitely many shadows

Ask how accurately finitely many directional measurements can bound projection-body volume for a specified class of convex bodies. This needs sampling and stability estimates beyond the stated minimization theorem.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For every n ≥ 4 and convex body K ⊂ Rⁿ, the selected manuscript claims that R_n(K) = |ΠK| / |K|^(n−1) is at least κ_(n−1)^n / κ_n^(n−2), with equality precisely for ellipsoids. Here κ_j is unit-ball volume and h_(ΠK)(u) = |proj_(u⊥)K|_(n−1). A companion gives an exact 20-dimensional product-of-simplices witness above the simplex value.

Repository manuscript claims, dated 24 September 2026. The listed Lean scope covers the n ≥ 4 Petty inequality with ellipsoid equality, failure of the simplex upper bound in dimension 20, and the explicit 20-dimensional product witness. It does not cover the sufficiently-large-dimensional exponential extension or all other projection-family inequalities. Artifacts were inspected, not independently rerun or proof-audited. The companion credits earlier counterexamples by Feng–Hu–Liu–Xu in every dimension ≥ 9; this is not the first disproof. No correction or withdrawal was recorded at the checked snapshot.

The minimization statement concerns the projection body itself, not its polar. It is distinct from the classical Petty polar-projection inequality. The diagram treats n = 2 only. The companion product counterexample concerns a maximum and has its own prior-art history.

Proof strategy, as reported: The Petty paper uses Brunn–Minkowski first variation, cosine/Funk transforms and a variational estimate; Brouwer’s theorem supplies an affine normalization. Separately, the product paper writes projection bodies of polytopes as zonotopes, proves a product identity and compares exact integers for two ten-dimensional simplices. The product witness does not depend on the claimed Petty minimum.

C. M. Petty ↗
Projection-body affine covariance (1967) and minimum conjecture (1971); distinct from classical polar-projection inequality.
Brunn–Minkowski and Minkowski first variation ↗
Actual classical input in the Petty proof, including homothety equality.
Erwin Lutwak (1990) ↗
Actual antecedent for two-body |u·v| pairing; conditional implication to lower-degree projection inequalities used for consequences.
Brouwer’s fixed-point theorem ↗
Explicit actual input for affine normalization that cancels the degree-two harmonic component.
N. S. Brannen (1996) ↗
Proposed simplex maximum for R_d.
Feng–Hu–Liu–Xu (2026) ↗
Earlier d≥9 counterexamples acknowledged by the product paper; those constructions are not used to derive its exact 20D product identity.

RESULT 091 · Lean artifacts listed · not rerun

What survives a logarithmic mixture?

Mix the support lengths of two origin-symmetric bodies geometrically. The manuscript claims that the resulting body’s volume stays above the geometric mean of their volumes, in every dimension.

Logarithmic mixture
Mix two rectanglesA wide rectangle K, a tall rectangle L, and their selected mixture appear side by side. The slider sets λ. The logarithmic rectangle keeps area 4; the ordinary mixture reaches area 6.25 halfway. Current illustration control: weight λ = 0.50. Logarithmic mixture: half-sides 2^(1−2λ) and 2^(2λ−1). Area is exactly 4 for every λ. These origin-symmetric boxes form an equality family; the general-body inequality is not tested.K · area 4L · area 4logarithmic mixarea of mixture = 4.000geometric target: 4^(1−λ) × 4^λ = 4

Logarithmic mixture: half-sides 2^(1−2λ) and 2^(2λ−1). Area is exactly 4 for every λ. These origin-symmetric boxes form an equality family; the general-body inequality is not tested.

For these coordinate rectangles, logarithmic mixing takes the geometric mean of each half-side length. Ordinary Minkowski mixing takes the arithmetic mean. Both starting rectangles have area 4. Static illustration.
Ordinary Minkowski comparison
Mix two rectanglesA wide rectangle K, a tall rectangle L, and their selected mixture appear side by side. The slider sets λ. The logarithmic rectangle keeps area 4; the ordinary mixture reaches area 6.25 halfway. Current illustration control: weight λ = 0.50. Ordinary Minkowski mixture: add the half-side lengths with weights (1−λ, λ). Its area is 6.250. This comparison is not the logarithmic operation.K · area 4L · area 4ordinary mixarea of mixture = 6.250geometric target: 4^(1−λ) × 4^λ = 4

Ordinary Minkowski mixture: add the half-side lengths with weights (1−λ, λ). Its area is 6.250. This comparison is not the logarithmic operation.

For these coordinate rectangles, logarithmic mixing takes the geometric mean of each half-side length. Ordinary Minkowski mixing takes the arithmetic mean. Both starting rectangles have area 4. Static illustration.

The rule used to mix two shapes changes the intermediate shape and its volume.

The displayed rectangles are an exact equality family for logarithmic mixing, already covered by the classical unconditional case. They do not sample arbitrary convex bodies. The ordinary mixture is a separate comparison. No equality classification for general bodies is inferred here.

Claimed consequence

Log-concavity under scalar dilation

Using the stated transfer and support-subspace reduction, the paper claims that μ(exp(t)K), as a function of t, is log-concave for every even log-concave Radon measure μ and origin-symmetric convex body K. Its additive L_p consequence concerns Lebesgue volume and 0 < p < 1.

Speculative next step

Quantify a small volume deficit

For a specified smoothness class, ask whether a nearly tight logarithmic inequality forces the bodies near a described equality configuration. A useful answer would need a precise distance and a quantitative estimate.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For full-dimensional origin-symmetric convex bodies K,L ⊂ Rⁿ and 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1, define K ⊕_(0,λ) L = {x : x·u ≤ h_K(u)^(1−λ)h_L(u)^λ for every unit u}. The manuscript claims |K ⊕_(0,λ) L| ≥ |K|^(1−λ)|L|^λ. It then derives the symmetric additive L_p Brunn–Minkowski inequality for 0 < p < 1 and, using Saroglou’s transfer theorem plus support-subspace reduction, the scalar-dilation B-conjecture for even log-concave Radon measures.

Repository manuscript claim, dated 23 September 2026. The listed Lean target covers the symmetric Lebesgue-volume logarithmic inequality in all dimensions and all λ ∈ [0,1]. It does not certify the additional L_p inequalities or the measure and B-conjecture corollaries. The statement, configuration and solution source were inspected, not independently rerun or proof-audited. No correction or withdrawal was recorded at the checked snapshot.

Origin symmetry is required. The logarithmic mixture is the intersection of support half-spaces with bounds h_K(u)^(1−λ)h_L(u)^λ; that product need not itself be a support function. The scalar-dilation B-conjecture is distinct from a stronger coordinatewise matrix-dilation assertion.

Proof strategy, as reported: The paper approximates symmetric bodies by supporting slabs, softens their constraints and proves a variance estimate using moment coordinates and tensor identities. This makes a log partition function concave. It then takes the hard-slab and direction-density limits. Saroglou’s transfer theorem and support-subspace reduction are additional inputs for the measure consequence.

Classical Brunn–Minkowski inequality; Firey p-means; Lutwak Lp Brunn–Minkowski theory ↗
Definitions and historical framework. Arithmetic versus geometric support interpolation explains the log endpoint.
Böröczky–Lutwak–Yang–Zhang (2012) ↗
Formulated the symmetric log-Brunn–Minkowski conjecture, proved the planar case, and established relevant equivalences. Also recorded the implication from log endpoint to 0<p<1.
Saroglou (2015, 2016) ↗
Earlier unconditional-body result and, as an actual input to the manuscript's measure consequence, the transfer from volume log-BM to even log-concave densities in the same dimension.
Berman–Berndtsson compact moment theorem and Klartag moment-Hessian estimates ↗
Actual inputs to construction of the manuscript's whole-space moment coordinates.

RESULT 092 · Lean artifacts listed · not rerun

How much overlap does a covering need?

Some convex bodies require overlapping copies to cover space. The manuscripts claim the worst possible optimal density grows like n log n, even if centers may be placed freely; one lattice is enough for an upper bound of the same order.

Square lattice of disks
Spread a lattice of disksA cropped periodic field of equal disks is arranged on a square or triangular lattice. Increasing center spacing opens holes at the corresponding exact threshold. The readout identifies whether the whole periodic plane is covered. Current illustration control: spacing / radius = 1.50. Square disk lattice: uncovered. Density = π/(s/r)². The planar drawing cannot test the claimed worst-case Θ(n log n) order in high dimension.square lattice · equal disksdensity = 1.396gaps remaincovering condition:s/r ≤ √2dot: test pointdensity = average overlap; it can exceed 1

Square disk lattice: uncovered. Density = π/(s/r)². The planar drawing cannot test the claimed worst-case Θ(n log n) order in high dimension.

Each disk has the same radius. The readout is the arrangement’s nominal density, the average number of disks covering a point. It becomes a valid covering density only when no gaps remain. The small dot marks a cell’s farthest point from its nearest centers, not a hole’s size. Static illustration.
Triangular lattice of disks
Spread a lattice of disksA cropped periodic field of equal disks is arranged on a square or triangular lattice. Increasing center spacing opens holes at the corresponding exact threshold. The readout identifies whether the whole periodic plane is covered. Current illustration control: spacing / radius = 1.50. Triangular disk lattice: covered (equality at the threshold is included). Density = 2π/(√3(s/r)²). The planar drawing cannot test the claimed worst-case Θ(n log n) order in high dimension.triangular lattice · equal disksdensity = 1.612plane coveredcovering condition:s/r ≤ √3dot: test pointdensity = average overlap; it can exceed 1

Triangular disk lattice: covered (equality at the threshold is included). Density = 2π/(√3(s/r)²). The planar drawing cannot test the claimed worst-case Θ(n log n) order in high dimension.

Each disk has the same radius. The readout is the arrangement’s nominal density, the average number of disks covering a point. It becomes a valid covering density only when no gaps remain. The small dot marks a cell’s farthest point from its nearest centers, not a hole’s size. Static illustration.

Overlap can be necessary. Density measures how much material is used per unit of space, including repeated coverage.

These two infinite periodic disk arrangements are classical planar examples, shown through a cropped window. Their formulas neither optimize over all coverings nor test a high-dimensional worst-case bound. An uncovered arrangement still has a nominal density, but is not a covering.

Claimed consequence

A universal linear bound cannot hold

If the lower construction is valid, no absolute C can bound the optimal translative covering density of every n-dimensional convex body by Cn. The claimed lattice upper bound matches the n log n worst-case order.

Speculative next step

Determine the order for Euclidean balls

Ask whether optimal high-dimensional coverings by Euclidean balls need order n or n log n density, or something between. The source explicitly leaves the ball-specific gap open; the planar disk illustration does not decide it.

Scope, proof status, lineage & sources

For every n ≥ 2 and every convex body K ⊂ Rⁿ, the upper manuscript claims one full-rank lattice Λ with K+Λ = Rⁿ and |K|/det(Λ) ≤ C n log n, for an absolute C > 0. For every sufficiently large n, the lower manuscript constructs a centrally symmetric convex body K_n with unrestricted translative covering density at least c n log n, for an absolute c > 0. Together these give worst-case order Θ(n log n), with or without the lattice restriction.

Repository manuscript claims, dated 23 September 2026. Scope notes and comparator configurations cover the single-lattice upper bound and the common asymptotic order of four worst-case suprema (lattice/translative, all/symmetric bodies). CoveringDensity has a statement, configuration and solution but is absent from the machine catalogue; SingleLatticeCovering is listed there. Those artifacts were inspected, not independently rerun or proof-audited. This does not certify every auxiliary assertion in the papers. No correction or withdrawal was recorded at the checked snapshot.

Θ(n log n) is a worst-case order over convex bodies as dimension grows, with unspecified positive absolute constants. It is not the density of every body or an exact finite-dimensional formula. The lower construction does not establish an n log n lower bound for Euclidean balls.

Proof strategy, as reported: For the upper bound, the paper combines Gaussian marginals, a random-lattice mean-hole estimate and binary correction blocks within one sheared lattice. The lower paper constructs random symmetric slab bodies, excludes finite rounded center patterns with Poisson/Janson estimates, then uses periodization to transfer the lower-bound exclusion to all locally finite translative coverings.

Rogers (1957) ↗
Classical universal translative upper bound n log n+n log log n+5n for n≥3; supplies the upper side for θ_T but does not impose one lattice.
Rogers–Schmidt mean-hole method; Ordentlich–Regev–Weiss (2022) ↗
Actual upper-proof input: mean-hole estimate on random lattices; ORW also supplied an earlier O(n²) general lattice upper bound.
Eldan–Klartag (2008) ↗
Actual upper-proof input: pointwise Gaussian marginals of isotropic log-concave distributions, applied to sections of convex bodies.
Li–Liu (2026) ↗
Direct recent antecedent for both methods: horizontal/vertical binary-correction lattice upper constructions and random-slab/Poisson-witness lattice lower constructions. The new manuscripts claim removal of residual iterated-log loss and extension of lower exclusion from single lattices to unrestricted coverings.
Janson lower-tail inequalities and Harris correlation ↗
Actual probabilistic machinery of the lower manuscript, which proves the needed continuous-Poisson versions. Distinct from ordinary second-moment estimates.
Coxeter–Few–Rogers (1959), Fejes Tóth (2009), Dumer (2007) ↗
Classical context: linear obstruction for balls, efficient few-coset coverings, and ball upper bounds. The manuscripts do not close the equal-ball asymptotic gap.

OpenAI preprints, released 6 October 2026. Sources checked 9–10 October 2026 · snapshot fd4aeeb2ee4f. The repository attributes the manuscripts to an internal model. Proof validity and priority are not independently established here.

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Selected problem 079: Do wave peaks persist?. Result, representation, and possible next questions updated.